Invention of train

Today, when a train of trains flashed before us, and quickly disappeared from sight, we could not help but express our heartfelt admiration. The apeople who invented the train were great, leaving behind such a fast and convenient transportation for future generations.

The European industrial revolution replaced the handicraft industry with machine industry. The big machinery industry needs a lot of fuel and raw materials, and the products produced should also be sent to all parts of the country. Before nineteenth Century, transportation depended on water vessels. Land can only rely on horse drawn carriages, which is a big contradiction with the needs of big industries. The big machinery industry calls for the birth of modern means of transport.

In the second half of sixteenth Century, tracks made of wood were used in mines and quarries in Britain and Germany. The cars on the track are driven by manpower or animal power. In 1767, the metal prices in Britain were greatly reduced, and the owners of the iron factories saw that a lot of pig iron was built up. They could neither sell nor earn money, but also occupied a lot of places. It made people grow long iron bars and lay them on the roads of factories, and were prepared to sell them again when the price of iron rose. However, people found that vehicles on the road with iron bars were labor-saving and smooth. Thus, the rail was born before the train.

After all, it is not very convenient to run on the iron bar, so the iron bar has been improved and made into a groove shaped rail. This track can prevent the wheels from slipping out, but it is easy to accumulate stones and coal dust in the grooves, and the rails are easy to damage. As a result, the rail is made as wide as the upper and lower sides, with a slightly narrow middle shape, so that the garbage is not easy to accumulate, and the rails are not easy to damage. However, this track is not very stable. The rail is easily overturned when it is impacted, resulting in vehicle derailment and rollover. People widened the underneath of the rails, creating a "Gong" shape like Chinese characters. This shape of track is stable and reliable, and has been used today.

In those days, the railways were born, but most of the cars on the railways were pulled by horses. In 1783, Watt's student Murdoch built 1 cars powered by steam engines, but the effects were not good and no one used them. In 1807, Trevithick and Vivian made successful steam driven cars, but the car was too heavy to walk on ordinary roads, and they did not expect to put the car on the rails, so they soon abandoned it. It was not until 1814 that Stephenson, a British engineer who had come from a baby cow, built a steam locomotive on the rails and formally invented the train.

Stephenson was born in 1781, and his father was a steam stoker at a coal mine. Mother has no job. A family of 8 lives on their father's wages. At the age of 14, Stephenson also came to the coal mine to work as a trainee stoker. He liked the job very much. When someone else was off duty, he scrubbed the machine carefully and cleaned the parts. Many dismantling and assembling have made him master the structure of the machine. He longed for more knowledge and worked hard after a hard day's work. He had never been to school before. He had difficulty in learning. He was intelligent, studious and diligent. He soon grasped the knowledge of machine and drawing. Once, he used a book to learn knowledge, combined with the actual work, design a machine. The chief engineer in the coal mine praised his design of the machine sketches, which greatly encouraged Stephenson. He studied harder. Diligent, and soon became a skilled mechanic.

In 1907, Trevithick and Vivian built steam locomotives on ordinary roads, but they gave up the invention because they were too heavy to drive on ordinary roads. Stephenson summed up their failure lessons and began developing steam locomotives. He improved the steam generating boiler and turned the vertical boiler into a horizontal boiler. He made a very farsighted decision and decided to drive the steam locomotive on the track. He added a flange on the side of the wheel to prevent the train from going off the rails, and a toothed track was installed between the two tracks. Because at that time, considering the steam locomotive running on the track, although it could avoid the shortcoming that it was difficult to walk on the general road because of its too heavy weight, it could also produce the problem of wheel skidding on the track. Therefore, the ratchet wheel was installed on the locomotive, so that it could roll on the third track with teeth and drive the locomotive forward.

In 1814, Stephenson's steam locomotive engine came out. He invented the iron guy with 5 tons of weight and a huge flywheel on his head. This flywheel can make use of inertia to help locomotives. Stephenson took the name "Brook" for his invention. This Brook can drive 8 cars with a total weight of about 30 tons. In the next 10 years, he built 11 similar locomotives with Brook.

Stephenson's new invention also has many shortcomings, first of all, the vibration is too great. On one occasion, it even overturned the car, followed by slow speed. Therefore, Stephenson improved and redesigned a train. While designing and making trains, he persuaded Mr. Pease. At that time, in 1821, Mr. Pease was planning to lay tracks for marathon cars from Stockton to Darlington. Pease listened to Stephenson's advice and commissioned him to build a locomotive. After being entrusted, Stephenson tightened up the steps of his work. Finally, a new and more advanced steam locomotive was built. He named it "travel number".

In September 27, 1825, in the vicinity of Stockton, England, there were over 4 thousands of spectators. The brass band was neatly standing on the side of the rails. People looked up and looked at the railway that the couch had gone away. Crowds of people coming and watching were crowded on both sides of the railway. Suddenly, people heard a loud whistle, and a motorcycle sped along. There are 12 coal cars behind the locomotive, and 20 other carriages, and about 450 passengers in the carriage. Stephenson personally drove the world's first train. The train came near and the ground trembled slightly. The audience was shocked. They could hardly believe their eyes. They did not believe that the iron man in front of him had such great strength. The train slowly stopped and a thunderous cheering broke out in the crowd. The brass band played the exciting music, and the seven salutes were handed out at the same time. People were celebrating the birth of the train in the world. The train moved from Darlington to Stockton at the speed of 24 kilometers an hour, and the railway transportation business started on that day.

At this point, the superiority of the train has been fully reflected. It is fast, stable, comfortable, safe and reliable. Then there was an upsurge in building railways and building locomotives in the United Kingdom and the United States. In the 1 years of 1832 alone, 17 railways were built in the United States. The steam locomotive has also been greatly improved during this period. From the initial two wheeled locomotives built by Stephenson, the locomotive has been developed to 5 pairs or even 6 wheels. And Stephenson continued to be the inventor and advocate of this revolutionary transport tool, solving many problems of railway and railway building, bridge design, locomotive and vehicle manufacturing. He also consultancies in many railway projects at home and abroad. In this way, trains developed rapidly all over the world. Until now, the train is still an important transportation tool in the world, playing a huge role in the national economy.